| Element | Electron Orbitals/Emission Spectrum | Common Compound(s)/Application(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 22, Group 4 Titanium (Ti) |
![]() |
~ Dioxide (TiO2)/Opaque Paints, Sun Tan Lotions ~ Tetrachloride (TiCl4)/Smoke Screens ~/Jet Engines, Rockets, and High Quality Tools |
| 24, Group 6 Chromium (Cr) |
![]() |
~ Oxide (Cr2O3)/Green Pigment, Audio Tape Coating ~ Iron, Nickel Alloy/Stainless, Heating Elements ~/Energy Storage in Ruby Laser, Decorative and Protective Plating over Other Metals, Coloring in Gemstones, e.g., Alexandrite, Emerald, Ruby |
| 26, Group 8 Iron (Fe) |
![]() |
~ Nickel Alloy/Structural Material for Buildings ~ Tungsten, Vanadium Alloy/Cutting Tools at High Temperature ~ Manganese Alloy/Rifle Barrels, Power Shovels ~ Carbon, Silicon Alloy (Cast Iron)/Pipe, Machine Parts, Cook Wares ~/In Hemoglobins and Other Proteins |
| 28, Group 10 Nickel (Ni) |
![]() |
~ Oxide Hydroxide (NiOOH)/Cadmium Betteries ~/Layer of Protective Coating to Iron and Copper |
| 29, Group 11 Copper (Cu) |
![]() |
~ Zinc Alloy (Brass)/Pipes, Wires, Gears, etc. ~ Tin or + Phosphorus, Manganese, Aluminum, Silicon Alloy (Bronze)/Ship Propellers, Bearings, Springs, Sculptures, Musical Instruments ~/Thermal and Electrical Conductors |
| 46, Group 10 Palladium (Pd) |
![]() |
~ /Automobile Catalytic Converter, Hydrogen Absorber, Cold Fusion (unsubstantiated claim) |
| 47, Group 11 Silver (Ag) |
![]() |
~ Copper Alloy (Sterling Silver)/Jewelry ~ Mercury Solution/Tooth Fillings ~ Bromide (AgBr)/Photographic Films ~ Chloride (AgCl)/Photochromic Sunglass, Stained Glass, Photographic Films, Bandages ~ Iodide (AgI)/Clouding Seeding ~/Best Thermal and Electrical Conductors, Protective Coating, Most Reflective Mirror Material |
| 79, Group 11 Gold (Au) |
![]() |
~ Nickel or Copper Alloy (18-carat gold)/Jewelry ~/Non-tarnishable Electrical Conductors, Basis of Monetary System |
| 80, Group 12 Mercury (Hg) |
![]() |
~ Chloride (HgCl or HgCl2)/Fungicide, Pesticide ~/Thermostats, Thermometers, Fluorescent Lamps |
| 92, Group 3 Uranium (U) |
![]() |
U235/Atomic Bomb, Nuclear Reactor U238/Breeder Reactor, Armor-piercing Antitank Shell, Missile Re-entry Ballast, Ceramic Glaze, Rock Dating |